Attributions
| Collection: Concepts of Biology |
| Edited by: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/col11487/1.8/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Preface |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m46159/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Introduction |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45418/1.4/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Themes and Concepts of Biology |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45419/1.4/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: The Process of Science |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45421/1.4/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Introduction |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45423/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: The Building Blocks of Molecules |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45417/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Water |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45425/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Biological Molecules |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45426/1.4/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Introduction |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45427/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: How Cells Are Studied |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45428/1.4/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45429/1.4/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Eukaryotic Cells |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45432/1.4/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: The Cell Membrane |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45433/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Passive Transport |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45434/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Active Transport |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45435/1.4/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Introduction |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45436/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Energy and Metabolism |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45437/1.5/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Glycolysis |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45438/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45439/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Fermentation |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45440/1.4/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45444/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Introduction |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45445/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Overview of Photosynthesis |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45448/1.4/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45452/1.4/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: The Calvin Cycle |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45453/1.5/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Introduction |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45454/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: The Genome |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45455/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: The Cell Cycle |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45461/1.4/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Cancer and the Cell Cycle |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45462/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Prokaryotic Cell Division |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45463/1.4/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Introduction |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45464/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Sexual Reproduction |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45465/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Meiosis |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45466/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Errors in Meiosis |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45467/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Introduction |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45468/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Mendel’s Experiments |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45469/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Laws of Inheritance |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45470/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45471/1.4/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Introduction |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45472/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: The Structure of DNA |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45473/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: DNA Replication |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45475/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Transcription |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45476/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Translation |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45479/1.4/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: How Genes Are Regulated |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45480/1.4/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Introduction |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45481/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Cloning and Genetic Engineering |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45482/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Biotechnology in Medicine and Agriculture |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45483/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Genomics and Proteomics |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45485/1.4/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Introduction |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45486/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Discovering How Populations Change |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45487/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Mechanisms of Evolution |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45489/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Evidence of Evolution |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45491/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Speciation |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45493/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Common Misconceptions about Evolution |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45505/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Introduction |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45506/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Organizing Life on Earth |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45507/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Determining Evolutionary Relationships |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45509/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Introduction |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45511/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Prokaryotic Diversity |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45512/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Eukaryotic Origins |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45513/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Protists |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45514/1.4/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Fungi |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45515/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Introduction |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45516/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: The Plant Kingdom |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45517/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Seedless Plants |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45518/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Seed Plants: Gymnosperms |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45519/1.4/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Seed Plants: Angiosperms |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45520/1.4/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Introduction |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45522/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Features of the Animal Kingdom |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45523/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Sponges and Cnidarians |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45524/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Flatworms, Nematodes, and Arthropods |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45525/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Mollusks and Annelids |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45526/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Echinoderms and Chordates |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45531/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Vertebrates |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45532/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Introduction |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45533/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Homeostasis and Osmoregulation |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45534/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Digestive System |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45535/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Circulatory and Respiratory Systems |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45536/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Endocrine System |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45537/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Musculoskeletal System |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45538/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Nervous System |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45539/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Introduction |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45540/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Viruses |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45541/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Innate Immunity |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45542/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Adaptive Immunity |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45543/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Disruptions in the Immune System |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45545/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Introduction |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45546/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: How Animals Reproduce |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45547/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Development and Organogenesis |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45550/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Human Reproduction |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45549/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Introduction |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45551/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Population Demographics and Dynamics |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45552/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Population Growth and Regulation |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45553/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: The Human Population |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45554/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Community Ecology |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45555/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Introduction |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45557/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Energy Flow through Ecosystems |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45558/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Biogeochemical Cycles |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45559/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Terrestrial Biomes |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45560/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Aquatic and Marine Biomes |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45562/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Introduction |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45565/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Importance of Biodiversity |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45571/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Threats to Biodiversity |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45574/1.3/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Preserving Biodiversity |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m45573/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Module: Appendix |
| By: OpenStax College |
| URL: http://cnx.org/content/m46075/1.2/ |
| Copyright: Rice University |
| License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |